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教程 12: Practice Area Deep Dives for Legal Professionals

Master AI-assisted M&A, real estate, banking, employment, and IP work with Claude or ChatGPT using specialized prompting techniques

覆盖Claude: 已验证ChatGPT / Codex: 草稿Grok Bot: 草稿

面向法律专业人士的业务领域深度解析

今天你将完成的内容

本教程将向你展示如何将你的 AI 助手用于 M&A、房地产、银行、劳动法和知识产权工作。你将针对每个业务领域遵循一个清晰的工作流——主要步骤中无需切换平台。

Claude 中的主要工作流: 在事项 Project(教程 04)中运行下方提示词,并在存在相关命令时使用 Legal plugin command(教程 06)。对于高风险发现,使用明确的复核触发条件进行升级处理。

中级水平

需要具备使用你的助手的基础经验 | 时间:75 分钟

学习目标

完成本教程后,你将能够:

  • 掌握你的助手在 M&A/Private Equity 文件分析中的能力
  • 形成房地产交易文件审查方面的专业能力
  • 理解银行和金融协议分析工作流
  • 高效地将你的助手应用于劳动法事项
  • 处理知识产权评估和资产组合分析

第 1 部分:M&A/Private Equity 深入解析

理解 M&A 文件复杂性

M&A 交易通常涉及多份相互关联的文件。通用助手通常能够很好地处理这种复杂性:

Document TypeAnalysis ChallengeAssistant's Strength
Share Purchase Agreement (SPA)陈述与保证/条件/承诺的分层结构系统性提取全部条款
Limited Partnership Agreement (LPA)跨层级的费用结构自动创建比较表格
Due Diligence Reports文件数量庞大(500+)汇总所有文件中的关键风险
Term Sheets多项先决条件映射或有事项及相互依赖关系

练习 1:Share Purchase Agreement (SPA) 分析

场景:你的客户正在收购一家科技初创公司。你已收到一份 50 页的 SPA,需要评估其中的保证和赔偿条款。

提示词模板

我已上传一份关于收购 [Company Name] 的 Share Purchase Agreement。
我代表 BUYER/SELLER [specify]。

请提供一份全面的保证与赔偿分析:

## PART 1: WARRANTY SCHEDULE ANALYSIS
For each warranty category (fundamental, representations, compliance, etc.):

| Warranty Type | Standard Market Language | Actual Language | Materiality Threshold | Survival Period | Risk Level |
|---------------|-------------------------|-----------------|----------------------|-----------------|-----------|
| [Warranty 1] | [Market standard] | [Actual] | [Yes/No] | [Months] | Red/Yellow/Green |

## PART 2: INDEMNIFICATION STRUCTURE
- Basket threshold (de minimis):
- Cap on total indemnification:
- Survival periods by category:
- Exceptions to indemnification:
- Escrow arrangement (if applicable):

## PART 3: CLOSING CONDITIONS
List all conditions precedent to closing:
- Material adverse change (MAC) definition - is it broad or narrow?
- Third-party consents required:
- Regulatory approvals needed:
- Financing conditions (if relevant):

## PART 4: COVENANTS ANALYSIS
| Covenant | Duration | Party Obligated | Consequence of Breach | Importance |
|----------|----------|-----------------|----------------------|-----------|

## PART 5: RISK SUMMARY
- Top 5 risks for [BUYER/SELLER]
- Compared to market standard in [INDUSTRY]:
  - Are warranty caps market?
  - Is indemnification basket market?
  - Are survival periods reasonable?
- Recommended negotiation priorities

## PART 6: POST-CLOSING MECHANICS
- Escrow percentage and duration:
- Claim procedures:
- Post-closing audits or true-up:
- Tax indemnification structure:

始终明确说明立场

在提示词开头明确说明你代表 BUYER 还是 SELLER,以获得更具针对性的风险分析。

练习 2:Limited Partnership Agreement (LPA) 审查

场景:你的基金正准备投资一只新基金。你需要了解费用结构和分配瀑布。

提示词

我已上传一份关于 [Fund Name] 的 LPA。我们律所正在考虑成为 LP。

请分析其中的经济条款:

## ECONOMICS ANALYSIS
1. Management Fee Structure
   - Percentage of committed capital vs. invested capital?
   - Fee break points for larger amounts?
   - Expense allocation to management fees?
   - Duration of management fee payment:

2. Carried Interest
   - Percentage carried interest:
   - Catch-up provision (explain):
   - Distribution waterfall sequence:
   - GP commitment (skin in the game):

3. Distribution Waterfall
   - Draw the full waterfall sequence:
   1. Return of LP capital
   2. Return on LP capital at [X]% hurdle
   3. Balance split [X% GP / X% LP]
   - Clawback provisions?

## COMPARISON TO MARKET
Insert current market comparables from your latest fund data source:
- Management fee range for comparable funds (your fund: __)
- Carried interest range for comparable funds (your fund: __)
- Hurdle/preferred return range (your fund: __)

How does this fund compare?

## KEY PROVISIONS
- Subscription/call schedule:
- Removal of GP (specify grounds):
- Information rights:
- Transfer restrictions:
- Tag-along/drag-along rights:

## RECOMMENDATIONS
For our investment decision:
1. Most favorable provisions:
2. Most concerning provisions:
3. Are there market gaps (e.g., no clawback)?
4. Should we negotiate side letter for better terms?

练习 3:尽职调查文件汇编

场景:管理一个用于收购尽职调查的 450 份文件 data room。

工作流

STEP 1: DOCUMENT CATEGORIZATION PROMPT

我正在上传目标公司 data room 中的文件(450+ 份)。
请在我分批分享时对每份文件进行分类。

Format: [Doc #] | [Category] | [Key Risk Areas] | [Relevance Score: 1-5] | [Action Req'd: Y/N]

Categories:
- FINANCE (P&L, balance sheets, tax returns)
- CONTRACTS (material contracts, supplier agreements)
- LITIGATION (disputes, claims, settlements)
- COMPLIANCE (regulatory filings, licenses)
- IP (patents, trademarks, licenses)
- HR (employee issues, benefits plans)
- ENVIRONMENTAL (permits, reports, compliance)
- OTHER

---

STEP 2: RISK SYNTHESIS PROMPT (after batch 1)

基于目前已分类的 50 份文件,请识别:

## RED FLAGS EMERGING
- 表明潜在隐藏问题的异常合同条款:
- 多次出现的诉讼主题:
- 可见的合规缺口:
- 客户集中度相关担忧:

## PRIORITY FOLLOW-UP ITEMS
在继续推进前,我们应要求提供哪些 data room 文件夹?

---

STEP 3: DEAL ASSESSMENT PROMPT (final)

基于已审查的全部 DD 文件,请评估:

1. 交易确定性——按领域给出信心程度:
   - 财务完整性:___
   - 法律合规:___
   - 客户合同:___
   - IP 保护:___

2. 估值影响:
   - 影响购买价格调整的事项:
   - 托管建议:
   - 赔偿上限建议:

3. 供合伙人复核的 Go/No-go 决策因素。

通用助手 vs. Harvey vs. Legora(M&A)

CapabilityGeneral assistantHarveyLegora
SPA Analysis可自定义标准基于模板非重点功能
LPA Economics瀑布可视化有限适合比较
Bulk DD Review450+ 份文件,自定义优先级结构化工作流表格式提取
Cost model按使用量计费(请核实当前价格)基于供应商报价基于供应商报价
Customization完整中等中等
Speed (450 docs)取决于 workflow/QC 和文件质量取决于 workflow/QC 和文件质量取决于 workflow/QC 和文件质量

第 2 部分:房地产交易

练习 4:商业租赁分析与摘要提取

场景:你的客户是房东,正在审查一份 40 页的 triple-net lease。你需要提取其中的操作性条款。

综合提示词

我已上传一份商业租赁合同。我代表 LANDLORD/TENANT [specify]。

请创建一份租赁摘要文件:

## PARTIES & PROPERTY
- Landlord (full legal name):
- Tenant (full legal name):
- Property address:
- Permitted use:
- Suite/unit numbers:
- Total rentable square footage:

## LEASE TERM
- Commencement date:
- Initial lease term (years):
- Renewal options (number and duration):
- Termination notice periods:
- Hold-over provisions:

## RENT & FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS
1. Base Rent Schedule
   Year 1-2: $__/sq ft (total: $___)
   Year 3-4: $__/sq ft (total: $___)
   [Continue for full term]

2. Operating Expenses/NNN
   - Type of expense pass-through:
   - Base year (if applicable):
   - Expense cap or growth limitations:
   - Tenant's proportionate share:
   - Exclusions from operating expenses:

3. Other Financial Obligations
   - Security deposit amount:
   - Tenant improvement allowance:
   - Parking charges:
   - Utility responsibilities:

## MAINTENANCE & REPAIRS
| Item | Landlord Responsible | Tenant Responsible | Notes |
|------|---------------------|-------------------|-------|
| HVAC | | | |
| Roof | | | |
| Walls/Paint | | | |
| Utilities | | | |

## INSURANCE & LIABILITY
- Required coverage amounts:
- Additional insured requirements:
- Waiver of subrogation:
- Indemnification provisions:

## DEFAULT & REMEDIES
- Cure periods:
- Notice requirements:
- Landlord's remedies:
- Attorney's fee provisions:

## SPECIFIC TENANT CONCERNS (if tenant)
- Quiet enjoyment guarantees?
- Right to terminate for failure of quiet enjoyment?
- Expansion rights?
- Right of first refusal on adjacent space?
- Assignment/subletting restrictions?

## SPECIFIC LANDLORD CONCERNS (if landlord)
- Personal guarantee required?
- Guarantor personal liability?
- Fixture ownership upon lease end?
- Subordination provisions?

## RISK ANALYSIS
| Issue | Severity | Market Standard | Negotiable? |
|-------|----------|-----------------|------------|
| NNN Escalation | Red/Yellow/Green | 3-4%/year | Y/N |
| Personal Guarantee | Red/Yellow/Green | Common for [tenant type] | Y/N |
| Replacement Reserve | Red/Yellow/Green | [Market practice] | Y/N |

## RECOMMENDATIONS
Top 5 provisions requiring negotiation or clarification.

练习 5:产权与测绘审查

场景:房地产明天交割。正在审查 title commitment 和 survey。

提示词

我已上传:
1. 来自 [title company] 的 title commitment
2. 关于 [property] 的当前 survey

请分析是否具备交割条件:

## SURVEY COMPLIANCE
- Survey 是否显示了 title commitment 中披露的所有 easements?Y/N
- 已识别的越界/侵占问题(请具体说明):
- 可见的边界争议:
- 改良物位置已确认:
- 通行权已确认:

## TITLE COMMITMENT ANALYSIS

### Schedule A (Policy Issued)
- Vesting(当前所有权人及其持有 title 的方式):
- Effective date:
- Prior owner vesting:

### Schedule B-1 (Requirements)
列出所有必须在交割时满足的要求:
| Requirement | Type | Solution | Cleared? |
|------------|------|----------|----------|
| | | | |

**KEY QUESTION**: Can all B-1 requirements be satisfied by closing date?

### Schedule B-2 (Exceptions)
| Exception | Type | Impact | Coverage |
|-----------|------|--------|----------|
| Taxes | Standard | None | Excluded |
| Utilities | Easement | [Specify] | Covered? |

**Risk Assessment**:
- 是否存在可能导致交易无法继续的例外事项?
- 是否存在可通过 survey 发现的例外事项?
- 是否存在需要 title insurance endorsement 的例外事项?

## PRE-CLOSING CHECKLIST
- [ ] 所有 B-1 要求均已满足或被豁免?
- [ ] Survey 日期在 [6 months/1 year] 以内?
- [ ] Survey 上无新增 lien?
- [ ] 不存在超出标准 easements 范围的 encroachments?
- [ ] Survey 中所有 improvements 均位于 property boundaries 之内?
- [ ] Easements 为买方可接受?
- [ ] 已满足 lender 要求?

## ISSUES FOR SETTLEMENT ATTORNEY
列出所有需要在交割前解决的事项。

房地产比较:通用助手 vs. 竞品

TaskGeneral assistantLegoraiManage RE
Lease abstraction功能完整非为此设计自动化
Title review风险识别无此能力无此能力
Multi-document comparison组合视图组合视图完整套件
Cost model按使用量计费(请核实当前价格)基于供应商报价基于供应商报价
Custom criteria完整有限有限

请求第 10 年预测

对于租金递增条款,请让你的助手计算第 10 年租金,以便直观了解长期影响。


第 3 部分:银行与金融协议

练习 6:融资协议分析

场景:你的客户拟借款 5,000 万美元。你需要理解信贷协议结构。

提示词

我已上传一份 credit facility agreement。我们律所代表 LENDER/BORROWER。

请提供一份全面的信贷分析:

## FACILITY STRUCTURE
- Facility type (term loan, revolving credit, etc.):
- Total commitment amount:
- Tranches (if multiple):
  - Tranche A: $__ (terms: __)
  - Tranche B: $__ (terms: __)
- Accordion/expansion feature?

## PRICING & COSTS
| Cost Item | Amount/Rate | Basis | Comment |
|-----------|------------|-------|---------|
| Interest rate | SOFR + __% | [Floating/Fixed] | |
| Commitment fee | __% | Undrawn balance | |
| Upfront fee | __% | Total facility | |
| Agent fee | $__ | Flat | |
| Unused fee | __% | Undrawn portion | |

## TERM & MATURITY
- Availability period:
- Repayment schedule:
- Final maturity date:
- Extension options:
- Prepayment terms (any penalties?):

## KEY COVENANTS

### Affirmative Covenants (Borrower Must):
1. Financial reporting obligations:
   - Quarterly financials: __ days after quarter-end
   - Annual audit: __ days after year-end
   - Management certificates: Frequency?

2. Insurance requirements:
   - General liability: $__
   - Property: __% of value
   - Coverage must include: [list]

3. Other affirmative covenants:
   - [List all with performance requirements]

### Negative Covenants (Borrower Cannot):
| Covenant | Threshold/Restriction | What Requires Lender Consent? |
|----------|----------------------|-------------------------------|
| Debt/EBITDA | Not to exceed X:1 | Excess? |
| Interest coverage | Minimum X:1 | Below threshold? |
| Minimum cash | Not less than $__ | Excess draws? |
| Capex spending | Not to exceed $__ | Overages? |
| Dividend payments | Restricted if [condition] | Any restrictions? |
| M&A activity | Require lender consent if > $__ | Amount requiring approval? |
| Asset sales | Require lender consent if > $__ | Amount requiring approval? |

## DEFAULT TRIGGERS
| Default Type | Grace Period | Lender Action |
|--------------|--------------|---------------|
| Payment default | [Days] | Immediate acceleration? |
| Covenant breach | [Cure period] | Waivable? |
| Cross-default | [Other debts] | Threshold? |
| Material adverse change | Subjective? | Definition provided? |

## LENDER PROTECTIONS
- Representations & warranties (list key ones):
- Financial covenants (detail each):
- Information rights:
- Inspection rights:
- Control of collateral:
- Prepayment penalty provisions:

## COMPARISON TO MARKET
- Is pricing in line with comparable transactions?
- Are covenants tight or loose?
- Is MAC clause broad or narrow?
- Are default provisions borrower-friendly?

## RISK FOR [LENDER/BORROWER]
Top 5 concerns and recommendations.

核实利率计算

对于 SOFR/LIBOR 利率,请让你的助手逐步展示计算公式,并独立核实。

练习 7:ISDA Master Agreement 审查

场景:你的客户是一家执行衍生品交易的金融机构。正在为交易对手审查 ISDA。

提示词

我已上传一份 ISDA Master Agreement 及相关文件。

请创建一份交易对手风险画像:

## DOCUMENT STRUCTURE
- ISDA version (2002 or later?):
- Attached schedules:
  - Schedule (elections made):
  - Credit Support Annex (CSA):
  - Other attachments:

## CREDIT SUPPORT/COLLATERAL
- Collateral type (cash, securities):
- Threshold before posting required:
  - Your threshold: $__
  - Counterparty threshold: $__
  - Asymmetry? (Risk for whom?)

- Haircuts applied:
  - Type A collateral: __ % haircut
  - Type B collateral: __ % haircut
  - Consequences of haircut mismatch:

- Margin call procedures:
  - Frequency: Daily/Weekly/Other
  - Settlement period: __ days
  - Dispute resolution: [Specify]

## DEFAULT PROVISIONS
- Triggers (list all):
- Grace periods:
- Termination procedures:
- Closeout methodology:
  - Bilateral (both parties submit quotes) or Unilateral?
  - If unilateral, who determines value? (Favors whom?)

## TERMINATION PAYMENTS
- Close-out amount calculation:
  - Market quotation method or loss method?
  - Impact on recovery: [Analyze]

## KEY PROVISIONS FOR ANALYSIS

| Provision | Election | Impact | Exposure |
|-----------|----------|--------|----------|
| Early termination date | [Specify] | [Consequence] | [Your risk] |
| Transfer | Permitted to whom? | [Consequence] | [Your risk] |
| Netting | Permitted? | [Benefit] | [Exposure] |
| Collateral transfer | Optional/Required? | [Consequence] | [Your risk] |

## FINANCIAL COVENANTS
- Credit rating maintenance required?
- Debt ratios maintained?
- Consequences of breach?

## COUNTERPARTY RISK ASSESSMENT
- Current credit rating:
- Recent financial performance:
- Covenant compliance history:
- Collateral adequacy for current exposure:
- Concentration risk (other contracts with counterparty):

## STRESS TEST SCENARIOS
Given current market conditions:
- If counterparty credit rating drops 2 notches: [Impact on collateral requirements]
- If market conditions move 100 bps: [Exposure increase]
- Recommended actions: [List]

## COMPARISON TO YOUR STANDARD ISDA
- Material deviations from your market standard:
- Acceptable compromises:
- Unacceptable items requiring renegotiation:

第 4 部分:劳动法

练习 8:解雇与歧视索赔分析

场景:你的公司客户收到一份劳动歧视索赔通知。评估风险暴露。

提示词

我已上传 EEOC charge/complaint of discrimination。

请提供初步抗辩评估:

## CLAIMANT & BACKGROUND
- Name and role at company:
- Employment dates:
- Direct manager:
- Department:
- Last performance review rating:

## PROTECTED CLASS & BASIS OF CLAIM
- Protected class (race/gender/age/disability/religion/other):
- Adverse action claimed (termination/demotion/harassment/retaliation):
- Timeline of events:

## LEGAL ELEMENTS ANALYSIS

For the claimed discrimination:
| Element | Claimant Allegation | Our Evidence/Rebuttal | Strength Assessment |
|---------|------------------|----------------------|-------------------|
| [Element 1] | [What they claim] | [What we have] | Strong/Weak case |

## COMPARATOR ANALYSIS
Did we treat similarly-situated employees differently?
- Identify comparators (same job level, same manager, similar performance):
  - Comparator 1: [Name, Race/Gender/Age], [Action taken]
  - Comparator 2: [Name, Race/Gender/Age], [Action taken]
- How were they treated differently or similarly?
- Legitimate non-discriminatory reasons for difference?

## TEMPORAL PROXIMITY
- When did protected activity occur?
- When was adverse action taken?
- Any intervening legitimate reasons for action?
- Suspicious timing analysis?

## RETALIATION RISK
- Did employee engage in any protected activity (filed complaint, accommodation request, etc.)?
- Timeline from protected activity to adverse action:
- Other potential retaliatory actions against same employee?
- Pattern of retaliation against others in protected class?

## DOCUMENTATION REVIEW
Documents to obtain immediately:
1. Hiring file for claimant:
2. Performance reviews:
3. Disciplinary file:
4. Termination decision file:
5. Communications from manager about claimant:
6. HR investigation files:
7. Communications with company counsel:

## INVESTIGATION QUESTIONS FOR COMPANY
1. What was stated reason for termination/action?
2. Who made the decision?
3. What process was followed?
4. Were there prior warnings?
5. Who else was involved in the decision?
6. Are there email/messages about the decision?

## PRELIMINARY RISK ASSESSMENT

| Risk Factor | Severity | Mitigation |
|------------|----------|-----------|
| Weak documentation | Red/Yellow/Green | [What to do] |
| Strong comparator | Red/Yellow/Green | [What to do] |
| Suspicious timing | Red/Yellow/Green | [What to do] |
| Witness corroboration | Red/Yellow/Green | [What to do] |

## DEFENSE STRATEGY RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Go/No-go recommendation for settlement vs. defense:
2. Priority investigation areas:
3. Witness interview priorities:
4. Document preservation notice required?
5. Insurance notification required?

## NEXT STEPS (48-72 HOURS)
- [ ] Prepare written response to EEOC
- [ ] Conduct internal investigation
- [ ] Interview manager and decision-maker
- [ ] Preserve all relevant documents
- [ ] Review other company actions toward protected classes
- [ ] Analyze similar employee outcomes
- [ ] Notify insurance carrier

提前提供比较员工名单

纳入一份具有可比性的员工名单及其人口统计信息,以获得更准确的 comparator analysis。

练习 9:雇佣合同审查

场景:高管招聘。审查 offer letter 和 employment agreement。

提示词

我已上传 [Executive Title] 的 employment agreement。

请为 COMPANY/EXECUTIVE [specify] 提供全面审查:

## POSITIONS & COMPENSATION
- Title:
- Reporting to:
- Annual base salary:
- Bonus structure (target and caps):
- Benefits (health insurance, retirement, etc.):
- Sign-on bonus (if any):
- Equity grants (options/RSUs):

## TERM & TERMINATION
| Scenario | Notice Required | Severance Due | Acceleration |
|----------|-----------------|---------------|--------------|
| Termination without cause | __ days | __ months salary | Full/Partial |
| Termination for cause | __ days | None/Partial | None |
| Resignation | __ days | None | None |
| Change of control | [Specify] | [Specify] | Full/Partial |

## KEY COVENANT ANALYSIS

| Covenant | Duration | Scope | Enforceability Risk | Negotiability |
|----------|----------|-------|-------------------|----------------|
| Non-Compete | [Months/Years] | [Geography/Industry] | Red/Yellow/Green | Y/N |
| Non-Solicitation | [Duration] | [Customers/Employees] | [Risk level] | Y/N |
| Confidentiality | Perpetual | [Scope defined?] | [Risk level] | Y/N |
| IP Assignment | Perpetual | [Scope] | [Risk level] | Y/N |

## NON-COMPETE ENFORCEABILITY ANALYSIS
For [State/Jurisdiction]:
- Is non-compete valid in this jurisdiction?
- Is duration reasonable?
- Is geographic scope reasonable?
- Is scope of restricted activities reasonable?
- Likelihood of enforcement: [High/Medium/Low]
- Suggested modifications: [List]

## CHANGE OF CONTROL PROVISIONS
- Single or double trigger severance?
- Acceleration percentage:
- Severance multiples of salary:
- Bonus treatment:
- Benefits continuation:
- Tax gross-up provisions?

## TERMINATION FOR CAUSE DEFINITION
| Trigger | Definition Provided? | Subjective Risk | Notice/Cure? |
|---------|---------------------|-----------------|--------------|
| Gross negligence | [Yes/No] | [High/Med/Low] | [Days] |
| Violation of law | [Yes/No] | [High/Med/Low] | [Days] |
| Willful misconduct | [Yes/No] | [High/Med/Low] | [Days] |
| [Other] | [Yes/No] | [High/Med/Low] | [Days] |

## INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT
- What IP is covered?
- Pre-employment IP carved out?
- Side projects/moonlighting allowed?
- Assignment language: Broad or narrow?
- Invention disclosure procedures:

## RECOMMENDATIONS
For [COMPANY/EXECUTIVE]:
1. Highest priority items to negotiate:
2. Market competitiveness analysis:
3. Red flags requiring attention:
4. Suggested redline language:

练习 10:竞业限制可执行性评估

场景:你的公司希望执行一项竞业限制条款。评估成功可能性。

提示词

我已上传 [Employee Name] 的 employment agreement 中的 non-compete provision。

请针对 [STATE] 提供州法特定的可执行性分析:

## GENERAL ENFORCEABILITY FRAMEWORK
In [State]:
- Are non-competes generally enforceable? Yes/Partially/No
- Is there a statute governing non-competes?
- Key case law:

## REASONABLENESS ANALYSIS

### 1. Duration
- Clause specifies: [X months/years]
- Reasonable for [industry]? Yes/No
- Judicial precedent in [State]: [Cases]
- Risk level: Red = Invalid / Yellow = Questionable / Green = Reasonable

### 2. Geographic Scope
- Clause restricts: [Specific areas]
- Is scope tied to actual business territory? Yes/No
- Case law on geographic scope: [Analyze]
- Risk level: Red/Yellow/Green

### 3. Scope of Restricted Activities
- What activities are restricted?
- Is restriction tied to legitimate interests? (trade secrets/customer relationships/goodwill)
- Is scope broader than necessary? Yes/No
- Risk level: Red/Yellow/Green

## LEGITIMATE BUSINESS INTEREST TEST
Must one of the following be present:
- [ ] Trade secrets
- [ ] Confidential business information
- [ ] Substantial customer relationships
- [ ] Goodwill associated with ongoing business

Evidence of legitimate interest: [Analyze]

## EMPLOYEE CONSIDERATIONS
- What was employee's role?
- Access to trade secrets?
- Key customer relationships?
- Valuable business information?
- Irreplaceable skills?

## HARM ANALYSIS
- Can we quantify harm from competitive activity?
- Are damages difficult to calculate?
- Irreparable injury argument:
- Inadequacy of monetary damages:

## ENFORCEMENT STRATEGY
1. Likelihood of obtaining preliminary injunction: [Percentage]
2. Likelihood of ultimate enforcement: [Percentage]
3. Evidentiary challenges to overcome:
4. Strongest arguments:
5. Weakest arguments:

## RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Should we pursue enforcement? Y/N
2. If yes, preliminary injunction timing:
3. If weak case, settlement target:
4. Lessons for future non-competes:

第 5 部分:知识产权

练习 11:专利申请审查

场景:技术团队开发了一种新的软件流程。在申请前评估其可专利性。

提示词

我已上传关于我们的 [Technology/Process] 的文档。

请提供一份专利性预评估:

## TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY
- What is the core innovation?
- How does it differ from existing solutions?
- What specific problem does it solve?
- Who are the competitors with similar solutions?

## PATENTABILITY ANALYSIS

### 1. Eligible Subject Matter
- Is this patent-eligible in [relevant jurisdiction]?
- Abstract idea? Mathematical formula? Business method? (Red flags)
- Technical application that produces non-abstract result? (Green flag)
- Test under [current case law]:
- Risk level: Red = Likely ineligible / Yellow = Questionable / Green = Strong subject matter

### 2. Novelty (Anticipation Analysis)
Prior art you're aware of:
| Reference | Publication Date | Key Teaching | Defeats Our Claims? |
|-----------|------------------|--------------|-------------------|
| Patent [#] | [Date] | [What does it disclose] | Y/N |

Can we design around this prior art?

### 3. Non-Obviousness
- What would be obvious to a person skilled in [technology] field?
- Do we have evidence of secondary considerations?
  - Long-felt but unsolved need?
  - Commercial success attributable to invention?
  - Industry praise?
  - Copying by competitors?

### 4. Enablement & Written Description
- Are the specifications detailed enough to enable someone skilled in the art to make/use the invention?
- Are claim boundaries clearly described?

## CLAIMS STRATEGY
Recommended claims approach:
- Broad independent claim covering: [Scope]
- Medium-scope claims covering: [Specific implementations]
- Narrow dependent claims covering: [Specific embodiments]

Draft exemplary independent claim:

核实现有技术检索

在依赖可专利性分析之前,请先索取 USPTO 现有技术检索结果。

练习 12:商标分析

场景:公司希望保护品牌。分析注册选项和风险。

提示词

我们希望保护以下 trademarks: [List marks and goods/services]

请提供商标可用性和注册分析:

## MARK ANALYSIS FOR EACH PROPOSED MARK

Mark: [MARK]
Goods/Services: [Specify class and goods/services]

### 1. Distinctiveness Assessment
- Fanciful/Arbitrary: (Strongest protection)
- Suggestive: (Strong protection)
- Descriptive: (Weak protection - needs secondary meaning)
- Generic: (NO protection)
- Our mark falls into: [Category]
- Strength of trademark: Green = Strong / Yellow = Moderate / Red = Weak

### 2. Availability Analysis (Requires USPTO TESS search)
- Identical marks in identical classes: [Y/N - specify findings]
- Confusingly similar marks in same/related classes: [Y/N - specify]
- Likelihood of confusion analysis (PICQUAL factors):
  - Similarity of marks: (1-5 scale: __)
  - Relatedness of goods/services: (1-5 scale: __)
  - Strength of existing mark: (1-5 scale: __)
  - Actual confusion likelihood: [High/Med/Low]

### 3. Registration Refusals Likely
- Merely descriptive? [Y/N - explain]
- Merely geographic? [Y/N - explain]
- Offensive/disparaging? [Y/N - explain]
- Suggested overcomiing strategies: [List]

### 4. Specimen & Use Requirements
- Goods currently in use? [Y/N]
- If not, timeline for use: [Specify]
- Plan for obtaining acceptable specimens: [Describe]

## FILING STRATEGY
| Mark | Type of Application | Classes | Priority Countries | Cost Estimate |
|------|-------------------|---------|-------------------|--------------|
| [Mark 1] | Actual Use / ITU | [Classes] | [Countries] | $__ |

## INTERNATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Madrid Protocol filing recommended? Y/N
- Priority countries for protection:
- Estimated timeline for prosecution:
- Estimated total cost: $__

## ENFORCEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
- Monitoring strategy:
- Enforcement budget:
- Licensing strategy:

## RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Proceed with applications for: [Mark list]
2. Don't file for (too weak/unavailable): [Mark list]
3. Consider modifications for: [Mark list]
4. Priority timeline: [Phased approach]

练习 13:IP 资产组合评估

场景:公司被 PE firm 收购。评估 IP 价值和缺口。

提示词

我已上传公司的 IP portfolio 文档。

请提供一份全面的 IP portfolio 评估:

## PATENT PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS

### Current Patents
按授权日期统计:
| Period | US Patents | International Patents | Key Technologies |
|--------|-----------|----------------------|-------------------|
| 2014-2018 | __ | __ | [List] |
| 2019-2023 | __ | __ | [List] |
| 2024+ | __ | __ | [List] |

### Patent Quality Assessment
- 资产组合平均年限:__ 年
- 5 年内到期的专利:__(列出关键专利)
- 资产组合维护成本:每年 $__
- 变现潜力:[High/Med/Low]

### Analysis by Technology Area
| Technology | Number of Patents | Key Markets | Strength | Licensing Opportunity |
|-----------|-------------------|------------|----------|----------------------|
| [Tech 1] | __ | [Markets] | Red/Yellow/Green | Y/N |

## TRADEMARK PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS

### Registered Marks
| Mark | Registration Date | Classes | Key Markets | Status |
|------|------------------|---------|------------|--------|
| [Mark 1] | [Date] | [Classes] | [Markets] | [Active/Abandoned/At risk] |

### Portfolio Gaps
- 关键商标尚未注册的市场:
- 建议申请:[List with estimated cost]

## TRADE SECRET / CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
- 已识别的商业秘密:[List categories]
- 已建立的保护机制:[Describe]
- 对保护的风险:
- 补救建议:

## TECHNOLOGY LICENSES
Incoming(我们从他方获得许可的内容):
| Licensed Technology | Licensor | Key Restrictions | Risk Level |
|-------------------|----------|------------------|-----------|
| [Tech] | [Company] | [Restrictions] | Red/Yellow/Green |

Outgoing(我们许可给他方的内容):
| Licensed Technology | Licensee | Revenue | Exclusivity | Term |
|-------------------|----------|---------|------------|------|

## PORTFOLIO STRENGTHS
1. [Strength 1]
2. [Strength 2]
3. [Strength 3]

## PORTFOLIO GAPS & VULNERABILITIES
1. [Gap 1] - 风险暴露:[Describe]
2. [Gap 2] - 风险暴露:[Describe]

## VALUATION CONSIDERATIONS
For M&A transaction:
- 行业 royalty rate 基准:[%]
- Relief from royalty valuation:[Range]
- 由资产组合带来的 license-in 节省:[Range]
- 估计 IP 价值:$__(保守)至 $__(激进)

## RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Immediate actions (30 days): [List]
2. Short-term improvements (6 months): [List]
3. Long-term strategy: [List]
4. Estimated cost to optimize portfolio: $__

第 6 部分:质量控制与最佳实践

业务领域核验框架

适用于每个业务领域深度解析的 PACE Checklist

  • P - Provision Accuracy:核实助手引用的是实际合同文本
  • A - Assumption Check:确认司法辖区法律假设(州、国家、行业)
  • C - Comparator Validation:对于劳动法/歧视事项,核实你识别的确属可比对象
  • E - Economic Analysis:对于金融/M&A,核实瀑布计算中的数学是否正确

各业务领域的常见错误

Practice AreaCommon ErrorPrevention
M&A误解 warranty basket 机制请求具体章节引用
Real Estate漏掉 ground lease 影响询问 “Are there any ground leases?”
BankingSOFR/LIBOR 利率计算错误与你的助手一起核实利率公式
Employmentcomparator analysis 不足要求姓名和详细比较
IP对可专利性过度自信要求核实现有 USPTO 检索结果

质量控制模板

## QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR [PRACTICE AREA] ANALYSIS

在助手提供分析后,请核实:

1. SECTION VERIFICATION
   [ ] 助手引用了实际文件章节(而非意译)
   [ ] 页码/行号引用准确(抽查 3 项主张)
   [ ] 引文与源文件完全一致

2. LEGAL ACCURACY
   [ ] 所引用法律截至 [date] 仍为现行有效
   [ ] 已明确说明司法辖区假设
   [ ] 市场比较适合相关行业

3. COMMERCIAL ANALYSIS
   [ ] 数字已核实(利息计算、估值、瀑布分配)
   [ ] 假设已说明且合理
   [ ] 行业基准为最新

4. COMPLETENESS
   [ ] 已识别缺失条款(询问你的助手 “Is there a [X] clause?”)
   [ ] 已识别需向客户/对手方进一步确认的问题
   [ ] 已检查交叉引用(A 节是否与 B 节一致?)

5. RISK PRIORITIZATION
   [ ] 风险已按严重程度适当排序
   [ ] 建议的谈判优先级合理
   [ ] 已考虑谈判的成本/收益

## Red Flag Triggers for Manual Review
- 任何标记为 RED HIGH 的风险(采取行动前需律师审查)
- 任何数值分析(应独立重新计算)
- 任何与 “market standard” 的比较(核实最新基准数据)
- 任何对具体判例法的引用(依赖前先进行 Shepardize/KeyCite)

红旗触发条件

任何标记为 HIGH 的风险,在采取行动前都需要律师审查。任何数值分析都应独立重新计算。任何对具体判例法的引用,在依赖前都必须进行 Shepardize/KeyCite。


第 7 部分:按业务领域划分的提示词技巧

M&A 专项

  • 始终明确说明 BUYER 或 SELLER 立场
  • 请求并排式市场比较表
  • 要求提供瀑布可视化(比文本更易核验)
  • 要求以美元金额而非百分比列示具体存续期和 baskets

房地产专项

  • 尽早说明 tenant/landlord 立场
  • 为资产组合分析请求统一格式的 lease abstracts
  • 对于租金递增,请让你的助手计算第 10 年租金
  • 请求具体州法下的可执行性分析

银行专项

  • 请求逐步展示 covenant 计算示例
  • 对于 SOFR/LIBOR,请让你的助手展示利率公式
  • 请求与 syndicated loan 市场数据(Loan Pricing Corporation)进行比较
  • 对于终止条款,明确 bilateral 还是 unilateral

劳动法专项

  • 提前提供 comparable employee 名单
  • 要求具体州法分析(non-compete 规则差异很大)
  • 请求起草 demand letter/response
  • 要求详细调查清单

IP 专项

  • 在进行可专利性分析前,请求 USPTO 现有技术检索
  • 要求你的助手起草 claim language,而不仅是评估
  • 对于商标,请求审查 clearance search results
  • 请求执行的成本收益分析

现在就做

  • 使用提示词模板完成一份 SPA 或 LPA 分析
  • 为房地产完成一份 lease abstraction 或 title review
  • 使用银行提示词分析一份 credit facility 或 ISDA
  • 应用劳动歧视或竞业限制评估模板
  • 使用 IP 提示词完成一份专利或商标分析
  • 应用 PACE checklist 核验一份输出
  • 保存你的业务领域模板以便复用

教程 13 前的作业

  1. 完成 2 项业务领域分析(选择不同业务领域)
  2. 应用 PACE framework 核验助手输出
  3. 创建业务领域模板,用于你经常处理的文件
  4. 记录经验教训,来自每次分析
  5. 更新你的 SOP,加入 AI 集成节点

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