Tutorial 09: Custom Legal Skills, Hooks & Agents

CLAUDE CODE STACK
│
├── SKILLS
│   └── Specialized instructions and best practices
│       stored in files Claude reads based on context
│
├── HOOKS
│   └── Scripts that run at specific points in
│       Claude's execution lifecycle
│
├── SUB-AGENTS
│   └── Autonomous agents spawned to handle
│       specific subtasks
│
├── MCP SERVERS
│   └── External tool connections (covered in Tutorial 07)
│
└── PLUGINS
    └── Packaged bundles of Skills + Hooks + MCP

your-skill/
├── SKILL.md          # Main instructions (required)
├── examples/         # Example inputs/outputs
│   ├── good-review.md
│   └── bad-review.md
├── templates/        # Document templates
│   ├── nda-template.docx
│   └── redline-template.docx
└── resources/        # Reference materials
    ├── playbook.json
    └── clause-library.md

mkdir -p ~/.claude/skills/contract-review
cd ~/.claude/skills/contract-review

# Contract Review Skill
 
## Purpose
This skill provides comprehensive contract review capabilities
aligned with [Firm Name]'s standard practices.
 
## Activation
Activate this skill when:
- User uploads a contract document
- User mentions "contract review" or similar
- User references specific contract types (NDA, MSA, SaaS, etc.)
 
## Process
 
### Step 1: Classification
Before analyzing, identify:
1. **Contract Type**: NDA, MSA, SaaS, License, Services, etc.
2. **Our Role**: Which party do we represent?
3. **Counterparty Profile**: Enterprise, mid-market, startup?
4. **Deal Tier**: Estimated value and strategic importance
 
### Step 2: Document Processing
- Read entire contract before providing analysis
- Note all defined terms and their definitions
- Identify governing law and dispute resolution
- Map clause structure and cross-references
 
### Step 3: Playbook Application
Apply positions from `resources/playbook.json`:
- Compare each clause to standard position
- Identify deviations and assess severity
- Note missing required provisions
 
### Step 4: Risk Assessment
For each issue:
- Assign severity: RED | YELLOW | GREEN
- Explain practical business impact
- Consider interaction with other clauses
 
### Step 5: Redline Generation
For RED and YELLOW issues:
- Provide specific alternative language
- Reference clause library when applicable
- Explain rationale for changes
 
### Step 6: Output Generation
Structure response as:
1. Executive Summary (3-5 sentences)
2. Deal Parameters Table
3. Clause-by-Clause Analysis
4. Risk Score and Escalation Recommendation
5. Negotiation Priorities
6. Questions for Business Team
 
## Clause Library
Reference `resources/clause-library.md` for approved language.
 
## Examples
See `examples/` directory for good and bad review examples.
 
## Calibration Notes
- Liability cap thresholds updated January 2026
- New data processing requirements per GDPR changes
- Updated AI/ML clause language required
 
## Quality Requirements
- Never provide legal advice without qualification
- Flag any clause requiring jurisdictional verification
- Note when playbook doesn't cover specific terms
- Recommend escalation for deals over $500K

{
  "contract_types": {
    "SaaS_Customer": {
      "liability": {
        "standard": "12 months fees",
        "minimum": "total contract value",
        "carve_outs": ["indemnification", "data_breach", "confidentiality", "IP", "gross_negligence", "willful_misconduct"]
      },
      "indemnification": {
        "required_vendor": ["IP_infringement", "data_breach", "security_failure"],
        "acceptable_exclusions": ["customer_modifications", "third_party_components_with_notice"]
      },
      "data": {
        "ownership": "customer",
        "vendor_rights": "service_delivery_only",
        "prohibited_uses": ["AI_training", "analytics", "marketing", "sale"],
        "retention_limit": "30_days_post_termination"
      }
    }
  },
  "severity_matrix": {
    "RED": [
      "unlimited_customer_liability",
      "no_vendor_indemnity",
      "data_used_for_AI_training",
      "no_termination_for_convenience"
    ],
    "YELLOW": [
      "liability_cap_below_12_months",
      "narrow_indemnity_carveouts",
      "60_plus_day_termination_notice"
    ]
  }
}

# Approved Clause Language Library
 
## Limitation of Liability
 
### Standard Mutual Cap
"EACH PARTY'S TOTAL LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS
AGREEMENT SHALL NOT EXCEED THE FEES PAID OR PAYABLE BY CUSTOMER
IN THE TWELVE (12) MONTHS PRECEDING THE CLAIM."
 
### Uncapped Carve-Outs Addition
"THE FOREGOING LIMITATION SHALL NOT APPLY TO: (A) EITHER PARTY'S
INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATIONS; (B) BREACH OF SECTION [DATA SECURITY];
(C) BREACH OF CONFIDENTIALITY OBLIGATIONS; (D) EITHER PARTY'S
GROSS NEGLIGENCE OR WILLFUL MISCONDUCT; OR (E) CUSTOMER'S PAYMENT
OBLIGATIONS."
 
## Data Ownership
 
### Customer Ownership Clause
"As between the parties, Customer retains all right, title, and
interest in and to Customer Data. Vendor acquires no rights in
Customer Data except the limited license granted herein."
 
### No AI Training Clause
"Vendor shall not use Customer Data or any derivatives thereof
to train, develop, or improve any machine learning model,
artificial intelligence system, or similar technology."
 
[Continue with additional clauses...]

# Skills in Claude Code are discovered from filesystem locations:
# - ~/.claude/skills/ (personal)
# - .claude/skills/ (project)
#
# Restart Claude Code (or start a new session), then test:
claude "I need to review a software agreement"
# Claude should load and apply the skill

mkdir -p ~/.claude/hooks

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail
 
input="$(cat)"
tool_name="$(jq -r '.tool_name // ""' <<<"$input")"
path_value="$(jq -r '.tool_input.file_path // .tool_input.path // ""' <<<"$input")"
 
if [[ "$tool_name" =~ ^(Read|Write|Edit)$ ]] && \
   ([[ "$path_value" == *"/Privileged/"* ]] || [[ "$path_value" == *"/Attorney-Client/"* ]]); then
  jq -n '{
    hookSpecificOutput: {
      hookEventName: "PreToolUse",
      permissionDecision: "deny",
      permissionDecisionReason: "Privileged folder access requires explicit user approval."
    }
  }'
  exit 0
fi
 
exit 0

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail
 
mkdir -p "$HOME/.claude/logs"
input="$(cat)"
echo "$input" >> "$HOME/.claude/logs/legal-hooks-audit.jsonl"
exit 0

{
  "hooks": {
    "PreToolUse": [
      {
        "matcher": "Read|Write|Edit",
        "hooks": [
          {
            "type": "command",
            "command": "\"$HOME/.claude/hooks/pretool-privileged-guard.sh\""
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "PostToolUse": [
      {
        "matcher": "Read|Write|Edit",
        "hooks": [
          {
            "type": "command",
            "command": "\"$HOME/.claude/hooks/posttool-audit-log.sh\""
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

{
  "hooks": {
    "Stop": [
      {
        "hooks": [
          {
            "type": "command",
            "command": "\"$HOME/.claude/hooks/stop-citation-warning.sh\""
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

{
  "hooks": {
    "PreToolUse": [
      {
        "matcher": "WebSearch|WebFetch",
        "hooks": [
          {
            "type": "command",
            "command": "\"$HOME/.claude/hooks/pretool-confidentiality-check.sh\""
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

// Due Diligence Multi-Agent Workflow
 
const agents = [
  {
    name: 'contract-reviewer',
    task: 'Review all customer agreements',
    folder: '/DD/Contracts/Customers',
    instructions: 'Apply customer agreement playbook'
  },
  {
    name: 'ip-reviewer',
    task: 'Review all IP agreements',
    folder: '/DD/Contracts/IP',
    instructions: 'Apply IP agreement playbook'
  },
  {
    name: 'employment-reviewer',
    task: 'Review all employment agreements',
    folder: '/DD/Contracts/Employment',
    instructions: 'Apply employment agreement playbook'
  },
  {
    name: 'litigation-reviewer',
    task: 'Analyze all pending litigation',
    folder: '/DD/Litigation',
    instructions: 'Assess litigation exposure and reserves'
  }
];
 
// Spawn all agents in parallel
const results = await Promise.all(
  agents.map(agent =>
    claude.spawnAgent({
      name: agent.name,
      prompt: `${agent.task} in ${agent.folder}. ${agent.instructions}.
               Output findings in structured JSON format.`,
      timeout: 30 * 60 * 1000 // 30 minute timeout
    })
  )
);
 
// Synthesize results
const synthesis = await claude.prompt(`
  I've received due diligence findings from ${agents.length} specialized reviewers.
 
  ${results.map((r, i) => `
  ## ${agents[i].name} Findings:
  ${r.output}
  `).join('\n')}
 
  Please synthesize into:
  1. Executive Summary of DD findings
  2. Critical issues requiring immediate attention
  3. Risk matrix by category
  4. Recommended deal adjustments
  5. Items requiring seller disclosure
`);

// Legal Research + Drafting Multi-Agent Workflow
 
async function researchAndDraft(topic, jurisdiction, outputType) {
  // Stage 1: Research Agent
  const research = await claude.spawnAgent({
    name: 'legal-researcher',
    prompt: `Research ${topic} under ${jurisdiction} law.
             Use available legal research tools (Midpage, CourtListener).
             Provide comprehensive analysis with citations.
             Format as structured legal memorandum outline.`,
    tools: ['midpage', 'courtlistener', 'webSearch']
  });
 
  // Stage 2: Draft Agent (uses research output)
  const draft = await claude.spawnAgent({
    name: 'legal-drafter',
    prompt: `Based on this research:
             ${research.output}
 
             Draft a ${outputType} addressing ${topic}.
             Include all relevant citations.
             Follow firm style guide.`,
    context: research.output
  });
 
  // Stage 3: Review Agent
  const review = await claude.spawnAgent({
    name: 'quality-reviewer',
    prompt: `Review this draft for:
             1. Legal accuracy
             2. Citation completeness
             3. Style compliance
             4. Missing analysis
 
             Draft:
             ${draft.output}`,
    context: draft.output
  });
 
  return {
    research: research.output,
    draft: draft.output,
    review: review.output
  };
}

legal-contract-plugin/
├── plugin.json           # Plugin manifest
├── SKILL.md             # Main skill
├── .mcp.json            # MCP server config
├── hooks/
│   └── compliance.js    # Compliance hooks
├── commands/
│   └── review.md        # Slash command definitions
├── resources/
│   ├── playbook.json
│   └── clauses.md
└── README.md

{
  "description": "Legal compliance checks",
  "hooks": {
    "PreToolUse": [
      {
        "matcher": "Read|Write|Edit",
        "hooks": [
          {
            "type": "command",
            "command": "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/hooks/pretool-privileged-guard.sh"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

# Local development (session-scoped)
claude --plugin-dir /absolute/path/to/legal-contract-plugin
 
# Marketplace install (recommended for team rollout)
claude plugin install legal-contract-review@your-marketplace --scope project
 
# Lifecycle operations
claude plugin enable legal-contract-review@your-marketplace --scope project
claude plugin update legal-contract-review@your-marketplace --scope project

// Example: UserPromptSubmit sanitization hook (conceptual)
{
  "hooks": {
    "UserPromptSubmit": [
      {
        "hooks": [
          {
            "type": "command",
            "command": "\"$HOME/.claude/hooks/userprompt-sanitize.sh\""
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

# Skills (filesystem locations)
~/.claude/skills/           # Personal custom skills
.claude/skills/             # Project custom skills
 
# Hooks
/hooks                      # Open hooks manager in Claude Code
 
# Plugin hooks
${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/hooks/hooks.json
 
# Debugging
claude --help